Principles: Scientific classification, neat and beautiful appearance, orderly display, and convenient access. General Education Instruments
Each discipline has hundreds of types of instruments, which are not only diverse but also vary in size, shape, and weight. On the one hand, it is necessary to scientifically arrange the instruments and drugs according to their own characteristics to facilitate the integrity and maintenance of the instruments. On the other hand, they should be arranged neatly to give people a sense of beauty. Combining scientific and artistic elements is not an easy task to achieve.
A. All instruments should be placed on shelves in the cabinet as a principle.
Instruments that cannot be placed in cabinets, such as chemical drying ovens, first aid kits, biological incubators, refrigerators, human half body models, human skeletal models, physical optical tool holders, etc., should be placed in appropriate positions and dust-proof measures should be taken. Thermostat, drying oven, and refrigerator are all prepared for experiments and are best placed in the preparation room for easy management and work. The chemical first aid kit should be placed in a very prominent place, with the key next to it. Some schools' first aid kits are locked, and the experimenters do not know where the key is. This is very wrong. In case of a chemical injury accident, it will affect first aid and fail to provide it. It is best to modify existing instrument cabinets to fit human half body models, human skeleton models, light fixture holders, etc. Some middle schools in Xinchengzi District have renovated the partition of their instrument cabinets from one floor to three floors, with three optical instrument holders on each floor. If the human half body model and human skeleton model cannot enter the cabinet, do not place them on top of the instrument cabinet, as it is inconvenient to use. You can consider placing it on top of the thermostat. Some instruments can be placed in the laboratory, such as chemical test tube racks, square seat supports, etc. Biological microscopes can be placed under the experimental table with a box. The square seat bracket used in the physics laboratory should not be placed on the experimental table due to its low frequency of use. Some tool type instruments (such as hand drills) can be placed on the preparation table. Meteorological instruments such as louvers, anemometers, and maximum and minimum thermometers should be installed, and schools with conditions should establish small meteorological stations.
B. Sort and arrange according to the directory.
Chemistry, biology, and natural sciences are classified into nine categories based on their first level classification numbers, namely metrology, general, specialized, models, specimens, wall charts, glass, pharmaceuticals, materials, and tools. Due to the large number of specialized instruments for physics, they need to be placed in the order of mechanics, thermodynamics, electricity, and optics in the secondary catalog. The instruments under each category do not need to be placed in the order of their numbers. Chemical drugs can be classified and placed in the order of the secondary catalog, or they can be placed according to certain rules for ease of use. Dangerous drugs should be separated from general drugs, and general drugs should be separated as organic and inorganic. Inorganic drugs can be arranged in the order of metal, non-metal, oxide, acid, alkali, salt, indicator, etc. Organic drugs can be placed in the order of functional groups such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, sugars, etc. Schools with conditions should place classification labels for chemical reagents in the instrument cabinet.
C. The instrument cabinet should be flexibly placed clockwise according to the category order on the instrument catalog.
Clockwise is people's visual habit. For example, there are a large variety and quantity of mechanical and electrical instruments in physics. A row of cabinets can be filled with mechanical or electrical instruments, while thermal, optical, glass and other instruments can be placed in the same row of cabinets. Samples, drugs, and other instruments can also be determined by the school laboratory based on specific circumstances. The order of instrument categories only has relative significance. The element numbers on the periodic table are arranged according to their atomic weight, but there are exceptions. The atomic weight of the 18th element argon is greater than that of the 19th element potassium, and the atomic weight of the 27th element cobalt is greater than that of the 28th element nickel. A group of cabinets can only have one large label attached in the middle of the upper part. The instruments placed in the instrument cabinet should be mainly labeled with the large label. Even if several categories of instruments are placed in the instrument cabinet, only one large label can be attached. Putting two or three labels on an instrument cabinet, although in line with reality, appears very uncoordinated. The position card should have accurate numbers, no omissions, and a suitable location. A set of cabinets should be equipped with a position card bag and several cards. The position card bag should be placed on the upper half of the instrument cabinet, and its height should be suitable for ordinary people for easy viewing; The position card and bag should be placed on the same side of the cabinet, and people are accustomed to placing them on the left inner side; If the location card is placed on a glass door, it is not convenient for cleaning; The position card should be filled in according to regulations, and the quantity should be written with a pencil. The instrument name and quantity filled in on the position card must match the actual object, without omissions or errors. Due to its transparent four sides, the placement of the specimen cabinet can be handled according to the specific situation of the school, but attention must be paid to overall coordination
D. In the same cabinet, the top should be sparse and the bottom should be dense; Put the brightly colored ones on top; A heavy lower part; Place the liquid reagent in the lower part. In the same layer, it is necessary to achieve high inside and low outside.
E. The position of the instruments in the instrument cabinet is relatively fixed; Be neat and clean; There should be a gap between different instruments, and the space in the instrument cabinet should be used reasonably.
F. Instruments should not be stacked randomly, they should be placed upright. The three types of small meters (voltmeter, ammeter, sensitive ammeter) and tray scales used by students must be placed flat. Thermometers, demonstration meters, etc. must be placed vertically. All legitimate outer packaging boxes of goods have an "upward" sign, which is a basic requirement for protecting the safety of goods. The instrument should be placed upright not only for aesthetic purposes, but more importantly, to ensure its performance. Placing it upright means placing it flat. Once piled up, the light fixture holder, inclined trolley, etc. may cause deformation of the slide or inclined surface; The stacking of electric meters will keep the balance spring in working condition, affecting its lifespan.
G. The accessories of the instrument should be placed together with the main components and cannot be separated, such as scales and weights, multimeters and probes, glass rods and silk, rubber rods and fur, etc. An instrument composed of several components should be placed in one place, such as a crystal space lattice model (salt, graphite, diamond), a centrifugal mechanical model (gearbox, dryer, separator), a demonstration pulley system (single 2, three parallel 2, three string 2, card 2), etc. The armature piece of bar magnet and hoof magnet cannot be separated from the magnet. If the armature piece has been lost, the magnet should have opposite magnetic poles to form a closed magnetic circuit and avoid magnetic loss. There is a rubber sleeve under the gravity frame of the tray balance to prevent the lever from shaking and damaging the blade during movement. The removal and placement of the protective cover should be completed on the experimental table.
H. Requirements for the placement of certain instruments
① The wall of the heating instrument in glassware is thin and prone to damage, so blow molding paper should be placed on the partition when placing it; The burette is best equipped with a specialized placement rack; It is best to drill holes in the partition of the instrument cabinet for the round bottom flask, and place the neck of the round bottom flask upside down in the hole, which is both safe and aesthetically pleasing Yellow phosphorus, which is listed as Class A inorganic highly toxic substance in the "List of Highly Toxic Substances" of the Ministry of Public Security, and mercury nitrate, barium chloride, and bromine, which are listed as Class B inorganic highly toxic substances in the second category, shall be managed in accordance with the "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals" promulgated by the State Council in [year]. Other dangerous drugs should be managed with double locking and limited use registration. Chemical drugs must be stored in a dedicated room. If single room storage is not possible, they must also be stored in separate cabinets with other types of instruments. To prevent instruments with a large number of metal components, such as celestial bodies, from being corroded by drugs.
③ The specimens in the specimen room should be placed according to certain rules based on the specific situation of the collected specimens, which should be conducive to education and teaching. Each specimen should have a simple and clear explanation or explanatory card.
④ Disc placement: Some chemical laboratories with conditions implement disc placement, and the experimental teacher fixes the assembled experimental device in an enamel (stainless steel) disc and places it in the instrument cabinet. This method is particularly suitable for schools with a large number of parallel classes, which can alleviate the burden on experimental teachers to a certain extent. It can be used as a chemical demonstration experimental device in regular schools.
⑤ Bundled placement: Thin grouping instruments and equipment such as wires, test tubes, rulers, etc. are tied with rubber bands. The bundling unit quantity should be "five" or "ten". It is best to apply a layer of glue on the back of the hanging chart, stick gauze on it, and make it into a hanging axis. Roll it up and place it to avoid losses caused by multiple folds and extend its lifespan.
⑥ Box type placement: Small grouping instruments such as magnifying glasses, glass bricks, slicing, small lamp holders, and single blade switches should be placed inside the box. This method can effectively utilize the capacity of the instrument cabinet. Slices must be sliced using a slicing box and inserted into the slot, otherwise even if they are placed in the box, they are easily damaged. The inner packaging of certain instruments should be preserved, such as tray scales, sliding rheostats, elementary experiment boxes, etc.
I. Promoting the creative placement of hundreds of instruments provides us with opportunities to showcase our creativity.
Taking a balance as an example, if we place it on the first floor of an instrument cabinet, there are many ways to do so. You can place the balance on one side and the weights on the other side; You can also place the balance on both sides and the weight in the middle. Obviously, the latter method is better than the former. A certain school placed scales with inner packaging on both sides, each in five rows and four layers, with weights placed in the middle. Weigh boxes of the same color were placed on the instruments, and several scales without inner packaging were placed in front, which was very comfortable to see.
J. Suggestions for handling excess instruments
There are currently items in the directory, but the quantity exceeds what is needed; High school instruments in junior high schools and middle school instruments in primary schools can be reported to the higher-level supervisory department for request to be transferred out to support other schools. When transferring out, timely handling of accounts and items should be carried out. Originally on the directory, now cancelled; Originally grouped, now demonstrated. If it can no longer be used, it should be scrapped according to regulations. If it is still intact, do not record it in the storage account and do not put it in the instrument cabinet. It should be registered, packed, sealed and stored in the warehouse.
